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Climate change requires the effort of all economic sectors to meet the projections of the Paris Agreement to 2050 of not exceeding 1.5 ˚C of global warming. The agricultural sector is one of the largest contributors to the emission of GHG in Colombia, estimated in 47%, and in many developing countries. So, in such countries, mitigation efforts from this sector are required to reach the goals. One of the challenges is the measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) of the sector's contributions to GHG emissions, as well as the output of mitigation efforts. Estimations have been done at world and national level using long-term information available of temperature, humidity, together with satellite data on biomass covers, atmospheric gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone), and so on, that have supported the existence of global warming and the need of action. Biomass measurements can be done quite efficiently at the level of region using satellites and drones, as reported in some research, although more efforts are required for supporting MRV at the level of farm or plot where mitigation technologies are implemented. Similarly, flux gases and atmospheric composition measurements have several complexities that require further research, especially in perennial crops, such as oil palm, one of the largest crops in Colombia in terms of cultivated areas (595000 ha), employment (195000 people) and exports. MRV at the level of plot or farm (unit of production) will solve expectation to implement mitigation actions and verify the reported results. This can be the base to monetize mitigation technologies in the agricultural, forestry and other land use sectors. Costs of MRV should be low enough to be done when required and ensuring confidence between the parties, suppliers of goods and services in which efforts of mitigation have been done, and consumers of such goods and services that expect the consumed good or service is coherent with their commitment for a GHG mitigation. At the level or measurement, accuracy should be good enough to generate confidence among the parties. Some of the challenges in measurement include to measure with satellites or drones at a level that allow to differentiate plots or, even, units or research (a small set of palms), from what is around. Palms crops have different flux gas performance depending on the palm age, and cultivars. A proposal to establish a system for measuring, reporting and verifying GHG and its mitigation in the palm sector based on the use of remote sensing (satellite images, drones, fixed stations) and other measurement mechanisms (soil microbiological studies) is presented. The system includes a service and the strengthening of the institutions associated with said service (metrology, standardization and accreditation), so that palm producers interested in being certified can access said service to monetize the effort associated with GHG mitigation. The methodology includes a comparison of the four measurement mechanisms (three of them remote sensing) and one of soil microbiological studies considering accuracy, replicability, efficiency, and scalability.
Topic : Theme 2: State of play in integrated approaches for advanced GHG emission estimates and the way forward to operational services.
Reference : T2-B25
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